Histopedia

Travancore, also known as Thiruvithamkur, was a princely state in southern India, located in the modern-day state of Kerala. Its rich history spans over 400 years.

Early History (795-1729)

1. Formation: Travancore was formed in 795 AD as a feudal state under the Chera Empire.
2. Medieval Period: After the decline of the Chera Empire, Travancore became a small kingdom ruled by local chieftains.
3. Venad Kingdom (12th century): The Venad Kingdom emerged, with its capital at Quilon (Kollam).

Golden Era (1729-1810)

1. Marthanda Varma (1729-1758): Transformed Travancore into a powerful kingdom, expanding its borders and modernizing its administration.
2. Dharma Raja (1758-1798): Known for his tolerance and benevolence, he welcomed Christians and Muslims, and established trade relations with Europe.
3. Modernization: Travancore became a center of learning, art, and culture, with the establishment of schools, colleges, and libraries.

British Era (1810-1947)

1. Treaty of 1810: Travancore signed a treaty with the British East India Company, becoming a princely state under British paramountcy.
2. Maharaja Swati Thirunal (1846-1866): Introduced reforms, including education and infrastructure development.
3. Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal (1885-1924): Implemented land reforms and promoted industrialization.

Post-Independence (1947-1956)

1. Integration with India: Travancore merged with the Indian Union in 1947.
2. United State of Travancore and Cochin (1949): Merged with Cochin to form the United State of Travancore and Cochin.
3. Reorganization of States (1956): Became part of the newly formed state of Kerala.

Notable Rulers

1. Marthanda Varma (1729-1758)
2. Dharma Raja (1758-1798)
3. Maharaja Swati Thirunal (1846-1866)
4. Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal (1885-1924)
5. Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma (1931-1947)

Legacy

1. Cultural Heritage: Travancore’s rich cultural legacy includes traditional art forms like Kathakali and Koothu.
2. Architectural Marvels: The Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Attukal Temple, and other historic structures showcase Travancore’s architectural prowess.
3. Educational Institutions: The University of Travancore (established in 1937) and other institutions continue to promote education and research.

Sources

1. “A History of Travancore” by P. Sankunni Menon
2. “Travancore: A Guide” by Kerala Tourism
3. “The Travancore State Manual” by T. K. Velu Pillai